· as the world's population continues to increase in numbers and prosperity, the demand for beautiful tropical hardwoods will continue to grow rapidly
· as country after country in the tropics depletes its own supply of tropical forest and passes from being an exporter of tropical hardwoods to having to import wood to fulfill its domestic needs, international demand for tropical hardwoods will continue to grow dramatically
· as the world loses more and more rainforest, there will be a rising imperative to protect the small amount of rainforest remaining
· as international demand for tropical hardwoods increases and the availability of the natural rainforests as a source of supply of these hardwoods decreases, both because of continued harvesting and because the dwindling remaining forests will be increasingly protected, the prices of all tropical hardwoods will likely soar
· there is substantial opportunity in planting nearly any species of tropical hardwoods - and even more opportunity in planting tropical hardwoods that are sought after for their beauty or unique properties.
In early 1974, scientists warned governments across the globe that the release of certain industrial chemicals, such as CFCs and Halons, could result in a thinning of our ozone layer. The ozone layer is a part of our atmosphere that prevents most Ultraviolet rays from entering the earth's surface layer. It allows only enough high-energy radiation to enter so that Vitamin D in humans can become active. Too much radiation, and certain human mutations begin to occur. In 1985, a hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antarctica. Over the past 10 years, more and more holes were discovered over different parts of the world. Since then, skin cancer rates have skyrocketed, as well as levels of radiation among human beings. “Almost 4% of the world population will encounter some type of skin cancer within the next five years.” Валерий Павлович Алексеев “ПРИРОДА И ОБЩЕСТВО: ЭТАПЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ” Экология и жизнь,№ 2, 2002г.
So, pollution is one of the most burning problems of nowadays. Now millions of chimneys, cars, buses, trucks all over the world exhaust fumes and harmful substances into the atmosphere. These poisoned substances pollute everything: air, land, water, birds and animals. So, it is usually hard to breathe in the large cities where there are lots of plants. Everything there is covered with soot and dirt. All these affect harmfully. Every year the atmosphere is polluted by about 1000 tons of industrial dust and other harmful substances. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engine have become the main source of pollution in industrial countries. Vast forests are being cut down for the need of industries in Europe and USA. The loss of the forests upsets the oxygen balance of the new wastelands. As the result some species of animals, birds, fish and plants have disappeared and keep disappearing. To slow down the rate of pollution many environmental organizations engage in nonviolent actions. But it is surely not enough to stop the processes that have already began in nature, and that had been caused by the way we all live. To protect our environment we all should care and do everything possible to save the nature for our kids.
Country
Emissions (metric tons CO2/year
GNP (billions of $/year)
Emissions/GNP Ratio (metric tons CO2/year)
China
2,236.3
372.3a
6.01b
South Africa
284.2
79.0
3.60
Romania
220.7
79.8a
2.77b
Poland
459.4
172.4
2.66
India
600.6
237.9
2.52
East Germany
327.4
159.5a
2.05a
Czechoslovakia
233.6
123.2a
1.90b
Mexico
306.9
176.7
1.74
U.S.S.R.
3,982.0
2,659.5a
1.50b
South Korea
204.6
171.3
1.19
Canada
437.8
435.9
1.00
United States
4,804.1
4,880.1
.98
Australia
241.3
246.0
United Kingdom
559.2
702.4
.80
Brazil
202.4
323.6
.63
West Germany
669.9
1,201.8
.56
Spain
187.7
340.3
.55
Italy
359.7
828.9
.43
Japan
989.3
2,843.7
.35
France
320.1
949.4
.34
a Estimates of GNP for centrally planned economies are subject to large margins of error. These estimates are as much 100 times larger than those from other sources that correct for availability of goods or use free-market exchange rates. b The emissions/GNP is also likely to be underestimated for centrally planned economies. Source: National Academy of Sciences, Policy Implications of Global Warming (Washington, D.C.: 1991).
4. «В мире науки». Журнал, 1990г., #10.
5. «Калейдоскоп». Журнал, 1997., #12.
6. Энциклопедия «Аванта+», т. 19 Экология, М: «Аванта+», 2001г.
Multimedia Editions
7. Britannica Encyclopedia (Multimedia Edition)
Internet data:
8. www.greenpeace.com
9. www.world-ecology.com
10. Advances in Environmental Research www.elsevier.com
11. National Academy of Sciences, Policy Implications of Global Warming (Washington, D.C.: 1991)
12. Jeannie Allen. “Tango in the Atmosphere: Ozone & Climate Change”//NASA Earth Observatory. 10.02.2004. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Tango/
13. “Scientists find Ozone-Destroying Molecule”//NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. 09.02.2004. http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2004/0205dimers.html
14. “Круговорот кислорода. Озоновый экран.”Учебный материал Российской коллекции рефератов. http://www.referats.net/cgi-bin/referats/rkr/jump.cgi?ID=20073
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